Analysis of mitochondrial <scp>DNA</scp> haplogroup frequencies in the population of the slab burial mortuary culture of Mongolia (ca. 1100–300 <scp>BCE</scp> )

Recent research has shown evidence of ancient admixture from both eastern and western Eurasian genetics in the human populations Mongolia going back to at least Eneolithic Afanasievo archaeological culture (ca. 3000 BCE). Eastern mtDNA lineages found living Mongolians past present have greatest affinity with Neolithic Transbaikal region southern Siberia, suggesting that people this were likely first colonize northern after last glacial maximum 24,500–17,000 BCE), while groups probably migrated steppe association earliest forms pastoralism. While some studies suggest contribution these modern was minimal, demonstrates particularly prominent among burial Early Iron Ages region. This is most notable population associated slab burials their successors, Xiongnu polity (209 BCE–91 CE). Similarities between haplogroup frequencies also strongly support proposal builders principal ancestors people. Objectives The objective increase understanding change on Mongolian during millennium BCE how it may be cultural creation early empires. It examines compares various other determine affinities. Methods study primarily based Sanger sequencing HV1 individuals Age for determination then comparing previously published data including 110 populations. 21 samples used selected region, dating, availability. Pairwise Fsts calculated using Arlequin program. Results hg 20 are determined added data, increasing total sample 35 particular interest. Using gene pool, by Late Bronze an east–west mixed already been established, which stays relatively stable into (Xiongnu) period, practicing tradition biological Xiongnu. notes a distinct difference north-eastern central Age. Conclusions There little BCE, contrasts clear CE. MtDNA (matrilines) seemed around 28%; however, Y-ch dramatic shift towards period (300 BCE–200 close frequencies. suggests consistent component established before end possibly introduction domestic horse.